1 thought on “Ancient four -color emerald bracelet”
Lorena
I can tell you responsibly. Less than 10 million emeralds have basically no collection value. Essence Essence Give you a firm guideline. Jade hopes to help you. Exquisite and moist, transparent, and fat feelings are pinching in the warm feeling. The main authentic identification method is to use a magnifying glass or microscope. You can see the fiber structure of the inner jade and the fiber structure, fine granularity; and the glass without the artificial structure, you can see bubbles. In addition, it is necessary to use a fake jade in a place where the jade knife is not conspicuous. Saying "gold is priceless." As the Hetian jade of the Hetian jade is increasingly scarce to tens of thousands to 100,000 yuan per kilogram, and the general Qinghai jade, jade and other 1 kg of one kilogram are only thousands of yuan in Russia, so this is a mixed Hetian jade. The minerals of these emeralds and field jade are basically the same, but the surface is darker and not soft, and it will be even more dim after a long time. Lao Yuxu determines from two new fields. Oxidation old jade epidermal layers, commonly known as "packets", like fur, natural color jadeite is significantly different, but new jade is not based on theme sculpture, ancient jade is the level of grade. The symbol, there are many flowers and birds, such as the myth of the dragon, the phoenix likes it. The new theme is generally auspicious. Since ancient times, jade and Chinese culture will be hit. In the hearts of the Chinese, jade is auspicious Chinese who like jade, keep peace, dispel evil spirits, and even golden jade symbols. Therefore, the main Westerners appreciate the elegant, mysterious and romantic colors. Jade category: Jade can be divided into nephrite and hard jade, which are both two different minerals. The color of nephrite is translucent white, yellow, green, black, etc. The color is evenly distributed. As for the lutes of the hard jade are mainly white, purple, yellow, and green, the colors are evenly distributed in different germplasm resources. Most of the nephrite produced in China, and "sheep fat" is a neate jade, with delicate texture, white three colors, and many craftsmanship of jade carving works. The main origin of Burmese jade, Tian Yu is relatively rare. Because the quality of jadeite, color and price are better than nephrite, emerald jewelry is better. Now it is the market mainly consumed on the rude jade, and the demand for consumers is very large. Therefore, the focus will be introduced to the emerald -emerald. Appreciation Emerald: Emerald appreciation should pay attention to color and germ resources. It can be divided into color, transparency, clarity, cutting and cracks that start to start with color. Color and color are the value that affects jade. It can evaluate the color of the jadeite from the most important factors in the following four areas: pure jadeite refers to the main color of the main color, the emerald green, such as the proportion, which is the purest green, good, good, good, good, good, good green, good green, good green, good green, good green, good green, good green, good green, good green. Yellow -green or more blue, and those worst gray. To correct the shading: the color of the transaction is of course, the stronger the better, but the color is too strong, which will cause the opposite effect and reduce the quality of jade. To remove: the more interesting and more vivid and beautiful jadeite color, more gray or black, the color more evenly and dull: the more uniform color distribution, the better the value, the higher the value. Transparency The transparent emerald affects the refraction of light, which affects the overall beauty. When the light enters the transparent texture is as delicate as jade, it will reflect the beautiful light and make people feel that the jadeite Bach greatly increases its beauty. On the contrary, if the light meets the low transparency and rough jade texture, it will faintly reflect the light, which greatly reduces the attractiveness of the jadeite. The clarity and clarity refers to the flaws of emeralds mainly include two types of white and black. They are caused by other minerals containing emeralds. Relatively speaking, it is one of the ugly stains than white and black stains. The jade contains less impurities, the better the effect. The processing and cutting emerald carving and the finished product itself are divided into two categories. Because the surface is exposed and unavailable, the high raw material requirements, except that there is no cracking, the proportion of cutting, and the thickness of the product is also very important to have a sufficient symmetrical appearance of the appearance of the emerald finished product. If the "egg noodles" should not be too thick or too thin, "Bu" will be located in the middle, and the proportion should be moderate. The main measures for evaluating the beauty of the film and the carving skills, the general emerald sculpture will be treated to cover up their shortcomings. Cracks can greatly reduce the value of jade. If there is a crack jade decoration, you can split along the full crack. Therefore, the jade decoration when it is carefully purchased, in general, the flashlight will easily detect the existence of the crack. The quality jadeite can sell a considerable price, but the market is limited, and some of them seek to achieve better profits, and manually deal with emeralds. Therefore, there is a market A, B and C. Cargo emerald C C cargo handmade processing refers to the color of adding color and false jade. This method is to penetrate the original colorless dye jade through high temperature and high pressure, all or partly dyed into its emerald green or purple, but the color will slow down over time and become dull. BB cargo refers to once the goods are chemically removed, the impurities and yellow jade are part of the original green and white of the original elements, and then the epoxy resin glue is injected into jade Color. Due to the damage of the chemical process inside the jadeite and becoming loose structure, this can easily expose B to the surface cracks. Others, such as adding stains in this process, are called B C products. Natural jade A goods natural jade products refer to artificial chemistry treatment at all. ------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In the long jade processing and production practice of the jewelry industry, the jewelry industry has summarized many forms of emeralds and simple style of words, expressing the characteristics of emeralds. Remember this sentence, and understand and appreciate the profound connotation. Among them, it will continue for a lifetime. The concept of the light -induced color is not the quality of no jewelry. This is especially important for jadeite. This is because the color of emerald jade, especially the gray flash, blue, green oil and the like, which is much better than the color effect of the color effect under the natural light. Therefore, only the emerald's cracks are seen under the light, the length of the head is seen, and the degree of reflection or other characteristics. View and evaluate with emerald green natural light. The first color, the high -end emerald spread time, I am very scared, the difference of more than ten times. For example: a emerald ring noodles, a emerald quality of the emerald quality, the size of the emerald rings of $ 500,000, are all first -class defects, which is impeccable. The main difference between the two is the price of price level green. Essence The difference between how to understand and distinguish between the varieties of emerald green is very important, at least seeing and experienced. Buying emerald rough stones is "before buying", "see" is the process of choice; it is a process of comparison; it is the treatment of accumulation and experience verification; it is the prerequisite for buying. "Buy less" is not to not buy, but remind everyone to "see" and then buy it. Green Paper "I would rather buy a line, not buy a large piece of green emerald rough shape characteristics," line " green ribbon" large "is the two performances of the same shape," line " neutral and neutrality "Slice" 说。 lying separately. The thickness "line" is known, and the depth is unknown; the area of "film" is known, and the thickness is unknown. The key motto is to remind people not to be green, "more" and "less", and recognize the green "neutral" nature and the surface of "lying". Therefore, did you really encounter the big green and green, but warned the green luxury. Dragon has water everywhere. The so -called "dragon" actually refers to emerald green. Yes: Under normal circumstances, whether it is the degree of thickness or transparency, there is no green 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是. Of course, sometimes there are too strong performance differences between emerald green and ground, as proverbs, the next step. Children with high shit children are interdependent, green and green, and the relationship is very close. Under normal circumstances, the kind of green water in good cases is not too bad for children, and vice versa. The main motto reminds people: Do not ignore the particularity of emerald green. Although not every "shit child" will have a high -end green. But children can appear green. No locks include the "Book of Rites" cloud: "Da Gui is not cut, its quality is also the United States." In fact, high -end emerald green bodies are usually in the form of "vegetarian" to express their natural essence. Full of frugality means that such feathers such as such are "hard and simple." If the sculpture is carved, it must be west in its beautiful pattern. Therefore, there is a saying in the industry that "no locks do not include flowers". Modern jade products are in the same way. The cold and green landscape of soybeans is called "green soybeans", but refers to a color plus "fake jade", which is an old -fashioned drama. Fraud now refers to "showers", "bath" and "coating". Of course, any fraud may be successful for a period of time, but it will never be exposed. The motto of the previous page was the industry insider said that it is to remind people to pay attention to the first feeling, don't let any doubt. Therefore, for consumers, it may be too "cold". We must ensure that we must buy jade in the store with a good reputation. ------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------ ---------- The aesthetic of jade Chinese jade in the minds of Chinese people symbolizes the brilliantness, nobleness, firmness, and holy. For thousands of years, people's respect for jade, love jade, appreciate jade, wearing jade and jade, Tibetan jade, jade people have a special feeling. The root cause is due to the beauty of jade. Aesthetics is a reason to believe that the foundation and premise of jade culture. It is due to differentiated beauty jade and stones. Xu Shen in the Han Dynasty said in the "Said Word":. "Jade, the beauty of the stone," said Mr. Yang Boda's article, "What a beautiful stone, this is jade." The myths and legends about the discovery of the rich aesthetic elements are suitable for decoration. From becoming an artifact, Liyu realizes the second differentiation. Therefore, Jade Aesthetics has paid widespread development. We pay attention to the emerald before the text of the United States. In competitive disputes, jade culture has become a well -known United States. Yufu-Yuye) Liu Xiang of the Six Hans of Yuxi in Yuxi Get the United States. Due to the aesthetic criteria of Jade and Confucianism, the impact of history is "the first German character." With the jade culture, the development of jade is getting bigger and bigger. According to the main authors of the paper of the two sides, Germany's nature proposed the beauty of jade. If you are wrong, please correct me. Chinese jade has a wide range of concepts since ancient times- "Yu, Stone Beauty" (Xu Shen of the Eastern Han Dynasty). Meet the technical requirements of Jade Materials only acknowledged the technical requirements of nephrite and hard jade (滦 Pingdun · 1985) and modern western gemstones. Jade culture is a coverage of a broad sense. However, I have to admit that the United States or Steel Jade (Hetian jade) as an important carrier. Emerald -Emerald was performed in China in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. First of all, the United States and texture are delicate, dense, pure characteristics and nephrite. The texture is the first in the history of the United States. For example, before the Han Dynasty, the United States attaches importance to texture. Most of the jade Germany and the United States proposed by Confucius are characterized by anthropomorphic. In ancient times,: "Jade flawless, one dust is not dyed" indicates that the jade texture is delicate, pure, and flawless. The statement can be summarized as follows. 1. "Really delicate" beauty is as hard and delicate as jade texture, delicate and moist, and the rocks that are grinded on the surface of dense fine grains are smooth. He said the beauty of "Jian Zhen is exquisite". This is the result of the comparison of hard jade. 2. "Wet," Rolling Stone Jade, which is densely lump with pebbles. 3, "Flawless Beauty" Hetian jade is a single mineral -transparent flashes, without impurities. This is the beauty of "beautiful jade flawless, white jade flawless". Rate jade is a fiber -transparent glitter or yang stone microcrystalline clustering structure. This structure determines that it has many good functions, but the size of the fragmented grain, the uniform texture, the different types and different quantities contain impurities. See Table 1. Finding Hetian jade is delicate, hard and delicate, moist, shiny, giving people a sense of beauty and a sense of beauty. In addition to uniform granularity, Yumei is also related to the directness of transparency and polishing. This is a more delicate texture, higher transparency, better polishing treatment, and stronger reflection surface, which not only increases the beauty of jade, but also improves the quality of jade. Secondly, the aesthetic standards of the four colors of the American and emerald green king Yihan, the development of Confucius, "the woman groaned," the color claim in the United States. Yumei evaluates the decision to create history. According to the principles of modern aesthetics, we discuss the principles of neatness from the United States and the characteristics, reconcile the three rhythm and rhythm. 1. The colors of the United States and black and white, such as blue sky, green lakes, clear spring water, bright sunlight, etc. It just makes people clean and pure beauty. The color of the Saitama is very rich in white fat, such as the green feather green, yellow, such as steamed chestnuts, such as red chicken crown, such as pure black paint.度 The advantages and disadvantages of the granular distribution of minerals ┃┃ jade species Millet purity % ┃┃┃┃┣━━━━╋━━━━━━━ texture ┃┃┃┃ Mineral ingredients ━╋━━━━━━━━╋━━━━ ━━╋━━━━━━━┫┃羊脂┃主要是透闪石┃0.0006×0.033┃┃卓越┃┃的细微之处的剑阵大小┃99.5 ％的纤维，薄┃0.001×0.01┃┃ Very uniform distribution 长 and long white ┃┃┃┃ ┃┣━━━━╋━━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━╋━━━━ 6 00 0.006 × 0.018┃┃ The content of the flaspite ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃ ━━━┫┃ ━━━┫┃ 子 子 ┃┃ ┃┃ ┃┃ ┃┃ ┃┃ ━━━┫┃ ━━━┫┃ ━━━┫┃ ━━━┫┃ ━━━┫┃ ━━━┫┃ ━━━┫┃ ━━━┫┃ ━━━┫┃ ━━━┫┃ ━━━┫┃ ━━━┫┃ ━━━┫┃ ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃ ━━━╋━━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━┫┃┃ 93 % of crude oil ━━━ 石 ━╋━━ ━╋━━ ━╋━━, 95 % ┃0.006 × 0.002良 Size in a good ┃ More detailed ┃┃ Personal long -column -like spots ┃ 0.014 × 0.004 ┃┃┃┃ Own uniform green emerald ┃┃┃┃┃┣━━━━╋━━━━━━━━╋━量The content of the flaspite 石 ━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━┫┃┃96┃┃┃┃┃┃ In containing ┃0.0002 × 0.03 ┃┃ Une even ┃┃ Detailed more Detailed 0 A variety of iron 0.12 size and the uniform of the sun stones石 闪 ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ 0.00033 -0.0033 Including impurities to form a uniform charging ┃ 0.008-0.0053┃┃ Feming good graphite ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃------┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ 0.0086-0.0033┃┃┃┃┃96 % This Black ┃ 0.010.0066┃┃ ┃┣━━━━╋━━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━┫┃ ┃┣━━━━╋━━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━┫┃ 黑 黑Thimonite (90 % ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃ is more uniform and dense ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃0.00660.0053┃┃┃┃┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ According to [2], data compiled by the entire jade color can be divided into five colors Essence (1) White series of Tianyu and white jade, and many varieties are: sheep fat and white jade; snowflake white, pear blossom white, ivory white, white fish belly, white rice, white chicken, etc. Which one is best nourishing the glittering sheep fat and white jade, also known as sheep fat. The history of "fine white jade", "Yu Ying" and "King Yu". Rate jade horn flashes belong to this type of mineral transparency and yang stone solid solution. When it is pure, the BI compound of the no impurities element should be white. Sheep fat jade is composed of 99.5 % of the flaspite, so the color is pure white. Such as cutting white fat is a proper adjective. (2) The green series is often blue and white, white jade, light green, light green, gray -green, such as jasper green to dark green, dark green, large output, is a common jade material. According to the green jade, emerald, jasper sequence, the color is deepened, and the content of iron oxide has increased (from 1.77 % 3.12 % 5.84 per %), jasper -like chromium, nickel, cobalt and other superstructure specific elements. Except for the ingredients of the minerals of the glittering stone jasper, the sun or penetrating the glitter is more iron. This shows different colors, different shades of green. The spots and jade tendons are obvious. Contains a small amount of mineral impurities. Such as: Chiantic chromium g utensil, chromium spinel, magnetite, green mud. (3) Yellow jade series yellow, beige, yellow beeswax, chestnut yellow, okra yellow, sunflower yellow, egg yolk, semi -yellow, yellow yang, yellow maroon, yellow beeswax is the last one. Followed by other yellow. "Manzi Gate Guangye" said:. "Yellow jade, like your maroon, the ganhuang, banana yellow, followed by" The color yellow jade is positive and Johnson, more valuable more concentrated light, not based on its precious white jade value, it is less common than white jade. It is mainly caused by coloring iron oxide. (4) The black series and the jade jade (black jade) have a dark gray, black f black sometimes spreads unevenly, black spots, cloudy days), pure black and other colors. Quality person "for pure black paint." Because of rare and precious. Also known as black ink jade emerald, sapphire, or appearing in Mo Jade, also appeared in Magic Realm jade, white jade, and color, mainly because of the presence of impurities transparent flashes of glutinous rice graphite in the grain. Strong or weak black, in -depth distribution is different. (5) The colors of the series and other reddish brown are said to be like brown sugar and sugar jade. Qing Zi, brown -red, red blood (rare). The granular distribution of glittering stone jade of brown iron ore indicates that the sugar part of the sugar jade is transparent, because the iron oxide forms red or brownish yellow. The oxide containing manganese is purple. 2. Color harmony and contrast the United States reflect two contradictory state. Often reconcile "the same" (consistency), the difference in contrast is to "difference" (opposition). Based on this aesthetic principle, two colors can be increased. (1) American jade red and orange, orange, yellow, yellow, green, blue, blue, blue and purple, purple and red are adjacent colors. Change (such as depth, shadow) in the same color also belongs to the same color and consistent changes. The blue sky and the green trees around the world are harmoniously assembled together. Du Fu Shiyun: "The cute dark red light red peach blossom cluster." Jet coordinates are the same. F2) The two kinds of jade comparison in the United States are tied together with very different things, which makes people feel bright, eye -catching, exciting and active. Such as black and white, red and green, yellow and purple, blue and orange color contrast. "Lian Bi's endless following, the lotus was in the sun" (Yang Wanli). "A little red in the green bushes" is the contrast between red and green. Black and white are a strong comparison "White Corroscolus Reminder is rotten, Black Moon Thunderstorms" (Du Fu): "Mexico does not turn the pressure of dark mountains, Bai Yu jumps the boat around the boat" (Su Shi). For example: there is a piece of sheep fat, the black stripes of sheep fat jade, if the rocket angle, hoof and plum deer red and white body or contrast color. 3. Multi -color United States is a significant and colorful color, colorful, like jade immersion unearthed in a multi -color form. By changing color changes in a piece of jade, different types of beautiful women are multi -colored: (1) the rhythm of American color strips, and the color dense changes can also show a certain rhythm. As for how to judge the speed of the color change of the jadeite, what is 2/4, 4/4, and wait for what is unreasonable. (2) The rhythm and rhythm of rhythm and color of the rhythm, the rhythm, the rhythm, giving people a fun and satisfying people's spiritual enjoyment. Zheng Banqiao painted the rootless orchid. In that emotional rhythm, the image of the rhythm is arranged and combined. Repeat in a certain direction to determine the laws of the rhythm of different colors. (3) As an example, the changes in the mixed jade tiger pattern like tiger hair spots refer to the law that cannot be said in the law, but the beautiful multi -color change changes. 4. Concentration (1) Evaluation Principles of Jade Color Color Color and Fields -refers to the depth of color. In general, a medium concentration is the best, too dark or too bright. (2) The purity of the color -is the degree of pure sound, when mixed with other colors, or calls the poor color. Obviously, more pure sounds improve, worsen or mixed colors. (3) The brightness of the sun refers to the brightness of the sun, and it is also called the color of the brightness that is better and better. (4) The uniformity of color -is the degree of uniform color distribution. Generally speaking, the more uniform and better the color, the bump difference (except those beautiful colors). Third, the development of jade and beauty since ancient times is two aspects of faith, and the head. The first is from the beginning of the production of jade articles, so the excellent performance research of Jade has attached great importance to it. Jade and beauty aesthetics also began to start research. The first German character "in ancient aesthetic principles" effectively promoted the development of jade research. 1. The hardness of the jade beauty jade cannot be used with single crystal gems, but its high toughness is the first natural gemstone. According to the public gem-level toughness, the nephrite is up to Nine Industrial Diamond Stone (10), which is also two levels (see Table 2) than the production of natural diamonds (level 7.7.5). Tianyu 3617-4129 kg/cm 2 breaks through 77 × 10 · Dain/cm tough compressive strength laboratory measurement. This is because the structural, or felt structures and other factors of a spoofed piece of composition and fiber. Diamond (10), ruby and sapphire (9), emerald (7.5-8), cat-eye gemstone (7.5) such as high hardness ratio Hetian jade, but the toughness cannot be compared to Hetian Yutian. It can save hundreds of thousands of jade. For example, a magnitude 6 earthquake occurred in the United States in the 1980s, and the jewelry shelves collapsed, but the carved jewelry and jade were intact, while other jewelry and jade carved parts were destroyed. Table 2 Common gem toughness profile ┏━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━┓┃ tough levels represent the gemstone Tough -level gemstone represents ┃┣━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━┫ ┃ 10┃┃┃ 6 Black artificial Vajrayana olives ┃┣━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━┫┃ 9┃┃┃5.5 Rate jade emerald ┃ 8母 emerald, ruby, sapphire石5 Huangyu, Moon Stone 玉 7-7.5┃ Diamond, crystal, sea blue gem ┃┃3 gold emerald ┃┣━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━╋━━━━━ ━━━┫ ┃┗━━━━━━┻━━━━━━━━━━━━┻━━━━━━┻━━━━━━━9 fluorite ━┛2, high -resistant wear Sex, because there are nephrite with a certain hardness (emerald 6.7, 6.6 green emerald, jade 6.5), medium density: 2.90 -3.02 grams/cm. It represents the high -level and high -level comparison with a highly abrasion -resistant emerald jade and strong toughness. 3. The soft light of the single crystal gemstone jade is a different mineral collection. The transparent and transparent trivial matters are significantly more transparent or opaque. The jade is the best kind of nephrite. Chinese and Tianyu, through soft light. This is the hazy and feminine beauty that has strong single crystal gemstone transparency, bright and bright, and the beauty of masculinity shows significant control. 4. The physical properties with low thermal conductivity in Tianyu. The cold and cold change is inert winter. In the inertia, it is a very cold hand. Do n’t touch it. It feels like it is touched in summer. 5. Strong acid, the chemical stability of the sore erosion of the rats of the field can be buried for millions of years, while maintaining its chemical stability. On the contrary, the chemical stability of the jade is not comparable. 6, the voice of the United States and nephrite is better than the compact emerald, and there is no far -end knocking on the door. Fourth, Yue Germany and the United States, "Germany" first appeared in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Zhou proposed the German standard "for people who are suitable for Period." Shi Zheng Zheng Yude is the thinking of the use of the rulers and derivatives of the category. The highest standard activity of thought and behavior training. It was discovered that the ancient jade Germany still had five Germans, Nineteen, and Eleven German doctrine. The most far -reaching is the virtue of Confucius who claims to have Yu 11. This is a realm of jade culture and ethics. The United States belongs to society and the beauty category. In "Gentleman Bid to Jade", the "gentleman must admire jade". "Nothing to do without going to the body", a gentleman of the social behavior of Yude. Wende was slavered in the late spring and autumn, and Confucianism was in the Han Dynasty. Xu Shen changed the Lzi 11 Veda and five virtues. This is the final interpretation right of Yude's history. Become a spiritual pillar under the conditions of the development of jade culture. Jade culture injected new blood into eternal youth. The natural beauty of the natural attributes of emeralds in nature, the jade "incarnation" jade texture is metaphorical. "Jade is spiritual." The sum of material and spiritual wealth, which makes the jade culture of an important part of China East) culture. Xu Shen's "Said the text" cloud: "Jade, the beauty of the stone, there are five virtues: moisture to warm, benevolence also; from external management, you can know the meaning of the square; their voice is beyond Shu Yang, the wisdom can也。 ;不屈不挠，勇敢方也;锐廉而不侵入，絮凝方也该有五德，既指玉，也是高标准，严要求，语义双一个人（1）...玉人军，意味着Stable and delicate, humid, lubricating, moisturizing: refers to the emerald broken oil luster metaphor for Eunze; temperature refers to the light soft and soft "moist and warm, benevolent". Everything, this is the manifestation of a rich jade Rende. (2) refers to the moral principle of the texture of jadeite. Yufu has a sense of justice and adheres to the real performance. (3) Uchi -high -quality emerald can make the musical instrument. The jade is hard and delicate due to the texture. Far conspiracy performance. (4) Although Yu Yongyu is not too hard, it is littering to the toughness of jade, and it is broken instead of natural treasure jade. This is unyielding courage to bend, even if it is broken "and insist on your gun. "(5) Yu Jie's price is cheap, clean, and clean. This is an invasive jealousy. Xu Jie's voice. After Ryoton and not creative means, although it is sharp and capable of retaliation or seek, it is not worth it. Jade can maintain integrity. Due to the limited space of Nine German 11 virtues, (Ren, Zhi, Righteousness, Ritual, Loyal, Loyalty, Heaven, Earth, Virtue, Saying) "Jade does not consider", in fact, it refers to the beauty of the United States and Yuyuzhuo's creative art. Ancient Chinese jade articles through partitioning tools, weapons, items, sacrifices, funeral items and accessories. Many of them have evolved from the tools. These jade wares are not only wear -resistant, but also cultural backgrounds. In fact, their purpose is to produce different aesthetic standards .1 Jade Li Li Lili aesthetic characteristics in different forms and Pei Jade, have their own unique aesthetic characteristics.
I can tell you responsibly. Less than 10 million emeralds have basically no collection value. Essence Essence Give you a firm guideline. Jade hopes to help you. Exquisite and moist, transparent, and fat feelings are pinching in the warm feeling. The main authentic identification method is to use a magnifying glass or microscope. You can see the fiber structure of the inner jade and the fiber structure, fine granularity; and the glass without the artificial structure, you can see bubbles. In addition, it is necessary to use a fake jade in a place where the jade knife is not conspicuous. Saying "gold is priceless." As the Hetian jade of the Hetian jade is increasingly scarce to tens of thousands to 100,000 yuan per kilogram, and the general Qinghai jade, jade and other 1 kg of one kilogram are only thousands of yuan in Russia, so this is a mixed Hetian jade. The minerals of these emeralds and field jade are basically the same, but the surface is darker and not soft, and it will be even more dim after a long time. Lao Yuxu determines from two new fields. Oxidation old jade epidermal layers, commonly known as "packets", like fur, natural color jadeite is significantly different, but new jade is not based on theme sculpture, ancient jade is the level of grade. The symbol, there are many flowers and birds, such as the myth of the dragon, the phoenix likes it. The new theme is generally auspicious. Since ancient times, jade and Chinese culture will be hit. In the hearts of the Chinese, jade is auspicious Chinese who like jade, keep peace, dispel evil spirits, and even golden jade symbols. Therefore, the main Westerners appreciate the elegant, mysterious and romantic colors. Jade category: Jade can be divided into nephrite and hard jade, which are both two different minerals. The color of nephrite is translucent white, yellow, green, black, etc. The color is evenly distributed. As for the lutes of the hard jade are mainly white, purple, yellow, and green, the colors are evenly distributed in different germplasm resources. Most of the nephrite produced in China, and "sheep fat" is a neate jade, with delicate texture, white three colors, and many craftsmanship of jade carving works. The main origin of Burmese jade, Tian Yu is relatively rare. Because the quality of jadeite, color and price are better than nephrite, emerald jewelry is better. Now it is the market mainly consumed on the rude jade, and the demand for consumers is very large. Therefore, the focus will be introduced to the emerald -emerald. Appreciation Emerald: Emerald appreciation should pay attention to color and germ resources. It can be divided into color, transparency, clarity, cutting and cracks that start to start with color. Color and color are the value that affects jade. It can evaluate the color of the jadeite from the most important factors in the following four areas: pure jadeite refers to the main color of the main color, the emerald green, such as the proportion, which is the purest green, good, good, good, good, good, good green, good green, good green, good green, good green, good green, good green, good green, good green. Yellow -green or more blue, and those worst gray. To correct the shading: the color of the transaction is of course, the stronger the better, but the color is too strong, which will cause the opposite effect and reduce the quality of jade. To remove: the more interesting and more vivid and beautiful jadeite color, more gray or black, the color more evenly and dull: the more uniform color distribution, the better the value, the higher the value. Transparency The transparent emerald affects the refraction of light, which affects the overall beauty. When the light enters the transparent texture is as delicate as jade, it will reflect the beautiful light and make people feel that the jadeite Bach greatly increases its beauty. On the contrary, if the light meets the low transparency and rough jade texture, it will faintly reflect the light, which greatly reduces the attractiveness of the jadeite. The clarity and clarity refers to the flaws of emeralds mainly include two types of white and black. They are caused by other minerals containing emeralds. Relatively speaking, it is one of the ugly stains than white and black stains. The jade contains less impurities, the better the effect. The processing and cutting emerald carving and the finished product itself are divided into two categories. Because the surface is exposed and unavailable, the high raw material requirements, except that there is no cracking, the proportion of cutting, and the thickness of the product is also very important to have a sufficient symmetrical appearance of the appearance of the emerald finished product. If the "egg noodles" should not be too thick or too thin, "Bu" will be located in the middle, and the proportion should be moderate. The main measures for evaluating the beauty of the film and the carving skills, the general emerald sculpture will be treated to cover up their shortcomings. Cracks can greatly reduce the value of jade. If there is a crack jade decoration, you can split along the full crack. Therefore, the jade decoration when it is carefully purchased, in general, the flashlight will easily detect the existence of the crack. The quality jadeite can sell a considerable price, but the market is limited, and some of them seek to achieve better profits, and manually deal with emeralds. Therefore, there is a market A, B and C. Cargo emerald C C cargo handmade processing refers to the color of adding color and false jade. This method is to penetrate the original colorless dye jade through high temperature and high pressure, all or partly dyed into its emerald green or purple, but the color will slow down over time and become dull. BB cargo refers to once the goods are chemically removed, the impurities and yellow jade are part of the original green and white of the original elements, and then the epoxy resin glue is injected into jade Color. Due to the damage of the chemical process inside the jadeite and becoming loose structure, this can easily expose B to the surface cracks. Others, such as adding stains in this process, are called B C products. Natural jade A goods natural jade products refer to artificial chemistry treatment at all. ------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In the long jade processing and production practice of the jewelry industry, the jewelry industry has summarized many forms of emeralds and simple style of words, expressing the characteristics of emeralds. Remember this sentence, and understand and appreciate the profound connotation. Among them, it will continue for a lifetime. The concept of the light -induced color is not the quality of no jewelry. This is especially important for jadeite. This is because the color of emerald jade, especially the gray flash, blue, green oil and the like, which is much better than the color effect of the color effect under the natural light. Therefore, only the emerald's cracks are seen under the light, the length of the head is seen, and the degree of reflection or other characteristics. View and evaluate with emerald green natural light. The first color, the high -end emerald spread time, I am very scared, the difference of more than ten times. For example: a emerald ring noodles, a emerald quality of the emerald quality, the size of the emerald rings of $ 500,000, are all first -class defects, which is impeccable. The main difference between the two is the price of price level green. Essence The difference between how to understand and distinguish between the varieties of emerald green is very important, at least seeing and experienced. Buying emerald rough stones is "before buying", "see" is the process of choice; it is a process of comparison; it is the treatment of accumulation and experience verification; it is the prerequisite for buying. "Buy less" is not to not buy, but remind everyone to "see" and then buy it. Green Paper "I would rather buy a line, not buy a large piece of green emerald rough shape characteristics," line " green ribbon" large "is the two performances of the same shape," line " neutral and neutrality "Slice" 说。 lying separately. The thickness "line" is known, and the depth is unknown; the area of "film" is known, and the thickness is unknown. The key motto is to remind people not to be green, "more" and "less", and recognize the green "neutral" nature and the surface of "lying". Therefore, did you really encounter the big green and green, but warned the green luxury. Dragon has water everywhere. The so -called "dragon" actually refers to emerald green. Yes: Under normal circumstances, whether it is the degree of thickness or transparency, there is no green 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是 是. Of course, sometimes there are too strong performance differences between emerald green and ground, as proverbs, the next step. Children with high shit children are interdependent, green and green, and the relationship is very close. Under normal circumstances, the kind of green water in good cases is not too bad for children, and vice versa. The main motto reminds people: Do not ignore the particularity of emerald green. Although not every "shit child" will have a high -end green. But children can appear green. No locks include the "Book of Rites" cloud: "Da Gui is not cut, its quality is also the United States." In fact, high -end emerald green bodies are usually in the form of "vegetarian" to express their natural essence. Full of frugality means that such feathers such as such are "hard and simple." If the sculpture is carved, it must be west in its beautiful pattern. Therefore, there is a saying in the industry that "no locks do not include flowers". Modern jade products are in the same way. The cold and green landscape of soybeans is called "green soybeans", but refers to a color plus "fake jade", which is an old -fashioned drama. Fraud now refers to "showers", "bath" and "coating". Of course, any fraud may be successful for a period of time, but it will never be exposed. The motto of the previous page was the industry insider said that it is to remind people to pay attention to the first feeling, don't let any doubt. Therefore, for consumers, it may be too "cold". We must ensure that we must buy jade in the store with a good reputation. ------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------ ---------- The aesthetic of jade Chinese jade in the minds of Chinese people symbolizes the brilliantness, nobleness, firmness, and holy. For thousands of years, people's respect for jade, love jade, appreciate jade, wearing jade and jade, Tibetan jade, jade people have a special feeling. The root cause is due to the beauty of jade. Aesthetics is a reason to believe that the foundation and premise of jade culture. It is due to differentiated beauty jade and stones. Xu Shen in the Han Dynasty said in the "Said Word":. "Jade, the beauty of the stone," said Mr. Yang Boda's article, "What a beautiful stone, this is jade." The myths and legends about the discovery of the rich aesthetic elements are suitable for decoration. From becoming an artifact, Liyu realizes the second differentiation. Therefore, Jade Aesthetics has paid widespread development. We pay attention to the emerald before the text of the United States. In competitive disputes, jade culture has become a well -known United States. Yufu-Yuye) Liu Xiang of the Six Hans of Yuxi in Yuxi Get the United States. Due to the aesthetic criteria of Jade and Confucianism, the impact of history is "the first German character." With the jade culture, the development of jade is getting bigger and bigger. According to the main authors of the paper of the two sides, Germany's nature proposed the beauty of jade. If you are wrong, please correct me. Chinese jade has a wide range of concepts since ancient times- "Yu, Stone Beauty" (Xu Shen of the Eastern Han Dynasty). Meet the technical requirements of Jade Materials only acknowledged the technical requirements of nephrite and hard jade (滦 Pingdun · 1985) and modern western gemstones. Jade culture is a coverage of a broad sense. However, I have to admit that the United States or Steel Jade (Hetian jade) as an important carrier. Emerald -Emerald was performed in China in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. First of all, the United States and texture are delicate, dense, pure characteristics and nephrite. The texture is the first in the history of the United States. For example, before the Han Dynasty, the United States attaches importance to texture. Most of the jade Germany and the United States proposed by Confucius are characterized by anthropomorphic. In ancient times,: "Jade flawless, one dust is not dyed" indicates that the jade texture is delicate, pure, and flawless. The statement can be summarized as follows. 1. "Really delicate" beauty is as hard and delicate as jade texture, delicate and moist, and the rocks that are grinded on the surface of dense fine grains are smooth. He said the beauty of "Jian Zhen is exquisite". This is the result of the comparison of hard jade. 2. "Wet," Rolling Stone Jade, which is densely lump with pebbles. 3, "Flawless Beauty" Hetian jade is a single mineral -transparent flashes, without impurities. This is the beauty of "beautiful jade flawless, white jade flawless". Rate jade is a fiber -transparent glitter or yang stone microcrystalline clustering structure. This structure determines that it has many good functions, but the size of the fragmented grain, the uniform texture, the different types and different quantities contain impurities. See Table 1. Finding Hetian jade is delicate, hard and delicate, moist, shiny, giving people a sense of beauty and a sense of beauty. In addition to uniform granularity, Yumei is also related to the directness of transparency and polishing. This is a more delicate texture, higher transparency, better polishing treatment, and stronger reflection surface, which not only increases the beauty of jade, but also improves the quality of jade. Secondly, the aesthetic standards of the four colors of the American and emerald green king Yihan, the development of Confucius, "the woman groaned," the color claim in the United States. Yumei evaluates the decision to create history. According to the principles of modern aesthetics, we discuss the principles of neatness from the United States and the characteristics, reconcile the three rhythm and rhythm. 1. The colors of the United States and black and white, such as blue sky, green lakes, clear spring water, bright sunlight, etc. It just makes people clean and pure beauty. The color of the Saitama is very rich in white fat, such as the green feather green, yellow, such as steamed chestnuts, such as red chicken crown, such as pure black paint.度 The advantages and disadvantages of the granular distribution of minerals ┃┃ jade species Millet purity % ┃┃┃┃┣━━━━╋━━━━━━━ texture ┃┃┃┃ Mineral ingredients ━╋━━━━━━━━╋━━━━ ━━╋━━━━━━━┫┃羊脂┃主要是透闪石┃0.0006×0.033┃┃卓越┃┃的细微之处的剑阵大小┃99.5 ％的纤维，薄┃0.001×0.01┃┃ Very uniform distribution 长 and long white ┃┃┃┃ ┃┣━━━━╋━━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━╋━━━━ 6 00 0.006 × 0.018┃┃ The content of the flaspite ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃ ━━━┫┃ ━━━┫┃ 子 子 ┃┃ ┃┃ ┃┃ ┃┃ ┃┃ ━━━┫┃ ━━━┫┃ ━━━┫┃ ━━━┫┃ ━━━┫┃ ━━━┫┃ ━━━┫┃ ━━━┫┃ ━━━┫┃ ━━━┫┃ ━━━┫┃ ━━━┫┃ ━━━┫┃ ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃ ━━━╋━━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━┫┃┃ 93 % of crude oil ━━━ 石 ━╋━━ ━╋━━ ━╋━━, 95 % ┃0.006 × 0.002良 Size in a good ┃ More detailed ┃┃ Personal long -column -like spots ┃ 0.014 × 0.004 ┃┃┃┃ Own uniform green emerald ┃┃┃┃┃┣━━━━╋━━━━━━━━╋━量The content of the flaspite 石 ━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━┫┃┃96┃┃┃┃┃┃ In containing ┃0.0002 × 0.03 ┃┃ Une even ┃┃ Detailed more Detailed 0 A variety of iron 0.12 size and the uniform of the sun stones石 闪 ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ 0.00033 -0.0033 Including impurities to form a uniform charging ┃ 0.008-0.0053┃┃ Feming good graphite ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃------┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ 0.0086-0.0033┃┃┃┃┃96 % This Black ┃ 0.010.0066┃┃ ┃┣━━━━╋━━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━┫┃ ┃┣━━━━╋━━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━┫┃ 黑 黑Thimonite (90 % ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃ is more uniform and dense ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃ ┃┃┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃0.00660.0053┃┃┃┃┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ According to [2], data compiled by the entire jade color can be divided into five colors Essence (1) White series of Tianyu and white jade, and many varieties are: sheep fat and white jade; snowflake white, pear blossom white, ivory white, white fish belly, white rice, white chicken, etc. Which one is best nourishing the glittering sheep fat and white jade, also known as sheep fat. The history of "fine white jade", "Yu Ying" and "King Yu". Rate jade horn flashes belong to this type of mineral transparency and yang stone solid solution. When it is pure, the BI compound of the no impurities element should be white. Sheep fat jade is composed of 99.5 % of the flaspite, so the color is pure white. Such as cutting white fat is a proper adjective. (2) The green series is often blue and white, white jade, light green, light green, gray -green, such as jasper green to dark green, dark green, large output, is a common jade material. According to the green jade, emerald, jasper sequence, the color is deepened, and the content of iron oxide has increased (from 1.77 % 3.12 % 5.84 per %), jasper -like chromium, nickel, cobalt and other superstructure specific elements. Except for the ingredients of the minerals of the glittering stone jasper, the sun or penetrating the glitter is more iron. This shows different colors, different shades of green. The spots and jade tendons are obvious. Contains a small amount of mineral impurities. Such as: Chiantic chromium g utensil, chromium spinel, magnetite, green mud. (3) Yellow jade series yellow, beige, yellow beeswax, chestnut yellow, okra yellow, sunflower yellow, egg yolk, semi -yellow, yellow yang, yellow maroon, yellow beeswax is the last one. Followed by other yellow. "Manzi Gate Guangye" said:. "Yellow jade, like your maroon, the ganhuang, banana yellow, followed by" The color yellow jade is positive and Johnson, more valuable more concentrated light, not based on its precious white jade value, it is less common than white jade. It is mainly caused by coloring iron oxide. (4) The black series and the jade jade (black jade) have a dark gray, black f black sometimes spreads unevenly, black spots, cloudy days), pure black and other colors. Quality person "for pure black paint." Because of rare and precious. Also known as black ink jade emerald, sapphire, or appearing in Mo Jade, also appeared in Magic Realm jade, white jade, and color, mainly because of the presence of impurities transparent flashes of glutinous rice graphite in the grain. Strong or weak black, in -depth distribution is different. (5) The colors of the series and other reddish brown are said to be like brown sugar and sugar jade. Qing Zi, brown -red, red blood (rare). The granular distribution of glittering stone jade of brown iron ore indicates that the sugar part of the sugar jade is transparent, because the iron oxide forms red or brownish yellow. The oxide containing manganese is purple. 2. Color harmony and contrast the United States reflect two contradictory state. Often reconcile "the same" (consistency), the difference in contrast is to "difference" (opposition). Based on this aesthetic principle, two colors can be increased. (1) American jade red and orange, orange, yellow, yellow, green, blue, blue, blue and purple, purple and red are adjacent colors. Change (such as depth, shadow) in the same color also belongs to the same color and consistent changes. The blue sky and the green trees around the world are harmoniously assembled together. Du Fu Shiyun: "The cute dark red light red peach blossom cluster." Jet coordinates are the same. F2) The two kinds of jade comparison in the United States are tied together with very different things, which makes people feel bright, eye -catching, exciting and active. Such as black and white, red and green, yellow and purple, blue and orange color contrast. "Lian Bi's endless following, the lotus was in the sun" (Yang Wanli). "A little red in the green bushes" is the contrast between red and green. Black and white are a strong comparison "White Corroscolus Reminder is rotten, Black Moon Thunderstorms" (Du Fu): "Mexico does not turn the pressure of dark mountains, Bai Yu jumps the boat around the boat" (Su Shi). For example: there is a piece of sheep fat, the black stripes of sheep fat jade, if the rocket angle, hoof and plum deer red and white body or contrast color. 3. Multi -color United States is a significant and colorful color, colorful, like jade immersion unearthed in a multi -color form. By changing color changes in a piece of jade, different types of beautiful women are multi -colored: (1) the rhythm of American color strips, and the color dense changes can also show a certain rhythm. As for how to judge the speed of the color change of the jadeite, what is 2/4, 4/4, and wait for what is unreasonable. (2) The rhythm and rhythm of rhythm and color of the rhythm, the rhythm, the rhythm, giving people a fun and satisfying people's spiritual enjoyment. Zheng Banqiao painted the rootless orchid. In that emotional rhythm, the image of the rhythm is arranged and combined. Repeat in a certain direction to determine the laws of the rhythm of different colors. (3) As an example, the changes in the mixed jade tiger pattern like tiger hair spots refer to the law that cannot be said in the law, but the beautiful multi -color change changes. 4. Concentration (1) Evaluation Principles of Jade Color Color Color and Fields -refers to the depth of color. In general, a medium concentration is the best, too dark or too bright. (2) The purity of the color -is the degree of pure sound, when mixed with other colors, or calls the poor color. Obviously, more pure sounds improve, worsen or mixed colors. (3) The brightness of the sun refers to the brightness of the sun, and it is also called the color of the brightness that is better and better. (4) The uniformity of color -is the degree of uniform color distribution. Generally speaking, the more uniform and better the color, the bump difference (except those beautiful colors). Third, the development of jade and beauty since ancient times is two aspects of faith, and the head. The first is from the beginning of the production of jade articles, so the excellent performance research of Jade has attached great importance to it. Jade and beauty aesthetics also began to start research. The first German character "in ancient aesthetic principles" effectively promoted the development of jade research. 1. The hardness of the jade beauty jade cannot be used with single crystal gems, but its high toughness is the first natural gemstone. According to the public gem-level toughness, the nephrite is up to Nine Industrial Diamond Stone (10), which is also two levels (see Table 2) than the production of natural diamonds (level 7.7.5). Tianyu 3617-4129 kg/cm 2 breaks through 77 × 10 · Dain/cm tough compressive strength laboratory measurement. This is because the structural, or felt structures and other factors of a spoofed piece of composition and fiber. Diamond (10), ruby and sapphire (9), emerald (7.5-8), cat-eye gemstone (7.5) such as high hardness ratio Hetian jade, but the toughness cannot be compared to Hetian Yutian. It can save hundreds of thousands of jade. For example, a magnitude 6 earthquake occurred in the United States in the 1980s, and the jewelry shelves collapsed, but the carved jewelry and jade were intact, while other jewelry and jade carved parts were destroyed. Table 2 Common gem toughness profile ┏━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━┓┃ tough levels represent the gemstone Tough -level gemstone represents ┃┣━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━┫ ┃ 10┃┃┃ 6 Black artificial Vajrayana olives ┃┣━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━┫┃ 9┃┃┃5.5 Rate jade emerald ┃ 8母 emerald, ruby, sapphire石5 Huangyu, Moon Stone 玉 7-7.5┃ Diamond, crystal, sea blue gem ┃┃3 gold emerald ┃┣━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━╋━━━━━ ━━━┫ ┃┗━━━━━━┻━━━━━━━━━━━━┻━━━━━━┻━━━━━━━9 fluorite ━┛2, high -resistant wear Sex, because there are nephrite with a certain hardness (emerald 6.7, 6.6 green emerald, jade 6.5), medium density: 2.90 -3.02 grams/cm. It represents the high -level and high -level comparison with a highly abrasion -resistant emerald jade and strong toughness. 3. The soft light of the single crystal gemstone jade is a different mineral collection. The transparent and transparent trivial matters are significantly more transparent or opaque. The jade is the best kind of nephrite. Chinese and Tianyu, through soft light. This is the hazy and feminine beauty that has strong single crystal gemstone transparency, bright and bright, and the beauty of masculinity shows significant control. 4. The physical properties with low thermal conductivity in Tianyu. The cold and cold change is inert winter. In the inertia, it is a very cold hand. Do n’t touch it. It feels like it is touched in summer. 5. Strong acid, the chemical stability of the sore erosion of the rats of the field can be buried for millions of years, while maintaining its chemical stability. On the contrary, the chemical stability of the jade is not comparable. 6, the voice of the United States and nephrite is better than the compact emerald, and there is no far -end knocking on the door. Fourth, Yue Germany and the United States, "Germany" first appeared in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Zhou proposed the German standard "for people who are suitable for Period." Shi Zheng Zheng Yude is the thinking of the use of the rulers and derivatives of the category. The highest standard activity of thought and behavior training. It was discovered that the ancient jade Germany still had five Germans, Nineteen, and Eleven German doctrine. The most far -reaching is the virtue of Confucius who claims to have Yu 11. This is a realm of jade culture and ethics. The United States belongs to society and the beauty category. In "Gentleman Bid to Jade", the "gentleman must admire jade". "Nothing to do without going to the body", a gentleman of the social behavior of Yude. Wende was slavered in the late spring and autumn, and Confucianism was in the Han Dynasty. Xu Shen changed the Lzi 11 Veda and five virtues. This is the final interpretation right of Yude's history. Become a spiritual pillar under the conditions of the development of jade culture. Jade culture injected new blood into eternal youth. The natural beauty of the natural attributes of emeralds in nature, the jade "incarnation" jade texture is metaphorical. "Jade is spiritual." The sum of material and spiritual wealth, which makes the jade culture of an important part of China East) culture. Xu Shen's "Said the text" cloud: "Jade, the beauty of the stone, there are five virtues: moisture to warm, benevolence also; from external management, you can know the meaning of the square; their voice is beyond Shu Yang, the wisdom can也。 ;不屈不挠，勇敢方也;锐廉而不侵入，絮凝方也该有五德，既指玉，也是高标准，严要求，语义双一个人（1）...玉人军，意味着Stable and delicate, humid, lubricating, moisturizing: refers to the emerald broken oil luster metaphor for Eunze; temperature refers to the light soft and soft "moist and warm, benevolent". Everything, this is the manifestation of a rich jade Rende. (2) refers to the moral principle of the texture of jadeite. Yufu has a sense of justice and adheres to the real performance. (3) Uchi -high -quality emerald can make the musical instrument. The jade is hard and delicate due to the texture. Far conspiracy performance. (4) Although Yu Yongyu is not too hard, it is littering to the toughness of jade, and it is broken instead of natural treasure jade. This is unyielding courage to bend, even if it is broken "and insist on your gun. "(5) Yu Jie's price is cheap, clean, and clean. This is an invasive jealousy. Xu Jie's voice. After Ryoton and not creative means, although it is sharp and capable of retaliation or seek, it is not worth it. Jade can maintain integrity. Due to the limited space of Nine German 11 virtues, (Ren, Zhi, Righteousness, Ritual, Loyal, Loyalty, Heaven, Earth, Virtue, Saying) "Jade does not consider", in fact, it refers to the beauty of the United States and Yuyuzhuo's creative art. Ancient Chinese jade articles through partitioning tools, weapons, items, sacrifices, funeral items and accessories. Many of them have evolved from the tools. These jade wares are not only wear -resistant, but also cultural backgrounds. In fact, their purpose is to produce different aesthetic standards .1 Jade Li Li Lili aesthetic characteristics in different forms and Pei Jade, have their own unique aesthetic characteristics.